Offline Policy Evaluation

Offline policy evaluation is the practice of estimating how a new decision policy would have performed using historical logged data, before deploying that policy live.

Key points

  • Yildirim treats offline policy evaluation as a necessary companion to contextual bandits because teams often need to evaluate a candidate policy using logged data rather than only live traffic [src-021].
  • Causal-inference approaches such as inverse propensity scoring and doubly robust estimation estimate the counterfactual outcome of a different policy, but require knowing the logged policy's action probabilities [src-021].
  • Sampling/replay approaches evaluate a new policy by replaying logged examples and keeping only the cases where the new policy's chosen action matches the logged action; non-uniform logging policies require adjustments such as rejection sampling or propensity weighting [src-021].
  • The operational warning is metadata-heavy: logged bandit or A/B-test data should preserve action propensities, context, chosen action, and observed outcome, otherwise offline evaluation becomes biased or impossible [src-021].

Related entities

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Related concepts

Source references

  • [src-021] Ugur Yildirim — "An Overview of Contextual Bandits" (2024-02-02)

Robin Cartier perspective

This page is part of Robin Cartier's working AI knowledge graph: a practical research layer for production AI, recommendation systems, experimentation, GEO, and agentic web readiness.

The useful next step is to connect this concept back to applied product leadership and operating models.

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